Born in Algeria, Albert Camus (1913–60) was a French writer and philosopher. His belief in the absurdity of the human condition categorized him with existentialism, but his courageous humanism differentiated him from that group. The characters in his novels and plays, although extremely aware of the meaninglessness of the human situation, assert their humanity by rebelling against their circumstances. His best-known works are the novels The Stranger (1942), The Plague (1947), and The Fall (1956) and the essays The Myth of Sisyphus (1942) and The Rebel (1951). Camus was awarded the 1957 Nobel Prize for literature. The first draft of an autobiographical novel, discovered after his death, was published as The First Man (1994).

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• The Outsider (Penguin Modern Classics)
• The Rebel (Penguin Modern Classics)
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